Coumarone coating composition



v I v 1 4,11 93,5 Specification of Letters Patent. Patten-ted Ma n. 28, 1922. No Drawing. Application filed April 14, 1919. Serial life. 289,970. To aZZw/zom it may concern: web on account of their high viscosity or if Be it known that I, JOHANNES M. Knssthinned down considerably the resulting film 55 LER, a citizen of Germany, and a resident of would be too thin to offer protection against West Orange, in the county of Essex and tarnishing. Gum lacquers, being high in 5 State of New Jersey, have invented a certain solids and at the same time of low viscosity new and useful Coumarone Coating Compowork very well for dippin and brushing sition, of which the following is a specificapurposes and give a bright l inish which ad- 60 tion. heres firmly to the metal and offers rela This invention relates to coating compositively good protection from tarnishing.

tions, and a particularly to high grade. lac- Although gum lacquers as above described quers, which contain as their essential conofier certain advantages, their defects, such stituents coumarone resin, a softener such as as slowness of drying-and liability to chalk 65 China wood oil and a volatile solvent. The on rubbing, have been such as to seriously ininvention pertains especially to lacquers terfere with their general use.

which comprise a solution in benzenoid hy- The principal ob ect of my invention is to drocarbons of a coumarone resin of high provide a gum lacquer which dries quickly melting point in conjunction with from and possesses the'other desired qualities of 7 about 10 to 50% of its weight of China wood high grade lacquers, and which can be prooi'l. duced at a relatively low cost.

I employ the expression lacquers or'gum In the course of an extensive investigalacquers to refer to solutions of gums or tion to determine the comparative value of resins in volatile solvents especially adaptnumerous resins, softeners and solvents as 7 ed for application to metal, as distinguished lacquer constituents, I discovered that a from spirit varnishes Which are solutions of lacquer having practically all the desired gums or resins in volatile solvents intended qualities, including quick drying and low for application to wood. cost, could be obtained by using a high melt- Up to the present time the most success ing coumarone resin with China wood oil as'8 ful lacquers, from a commercial standpoint, a softener. As solvents l have found the Y have been pyroxylin lacquers. Gum lac-. benzenoid hydrocarbons to be suitable, either quers are valued according to their abillty' singly or mixed together. a

' to shed water, speed of rying at normal A vegetable oil in order to act as a suittemperature of the film deposited by them, able softener should have the following and freedom from chalkiness on rubbing. properties: r I Up to this date no gum lacquer can be found Specific gravity, .936 to 9% at 15 (3.

35 in the open market that will fulfill all these Saponification value, 189.8 to 198.6.

, requirements and whose price is sufiiciently Iodine value, 158 to 173.3,

low to compete successfully with pyroxylm Refraction index, 1.5110 to 1.5239 at 20 C.

.lacquers. The highest quality gum lacquers The properties of both crude and refined known contain mostly highly refined shellac China wood oil fall within theseflimits.

40 as the base and a large percentage of fusel Th function of the China wood oil in oil in the solventmixture making the cost the new composition is to soften and of such a combination prohibitive for most toughen the resin film which forms-the, oat

- purposes, particularly at the present time.- ing of the lacquered metal. Without a The main advantages of the ordinary gum softener ofsome kind the resin film is brittle 45 lacquerswhen compared with pyroxylin or and easily disintegrated with a consequent pyroxylin .gum lacquers are (1st) low cost, appearance of chalkiness. Most of the (2nd)ability to shed Water, therefore allowwaxes, oils, and other organic compounds ing lacquering of metals not previously which were tried out as softeners, while imdried,and (3rd) ease of application. Th s proving the iilm with regard to chalking,

50 last point is particularly appreciated in such at the same time hindered the proper drywork as lacquering' of chandelier cha1ns,,ing of the films. (lhma wood oil, however,

'- links and small objects. Here pyroxylin actually accelerated the drying of the lacquers can hardly be used as they would lacquer films, and at the same time greatly zene .(known as 'vent' naphtha, the, latter mixture of benzenoid hydrocarbons. t is usually preferable .to employ the hyd'roc'arbons in the formof their mixtures, since such mixtures as, for instance, 60% by volume of xylene and 40% by volume of bentoluene substitute), may be obtained ata lower cost than that demanded for pure benzene, 'toluene', etc. Hydrocarbons may be used alone if desired.

The speed of drying of a gum lacquer film depends to a great extent on the meltmg as the base for the lacquer. The commercial coumarone resins obtainable on the market at ,the present time have a melting point'ranging from about 65 to 80 C. Al-

though such a resin, when used with China suitable solvents portions specified, gives a fairly good lacquer, I have found that the drying quality, and consequently the value, of the lacquer is greatly increasedby using a coumarone resin having a melting point of at. least 85 C.

The successful production of the abovementioned special coumarone resin having thedesired properties of high melting point, light color, etc., depends -to a great extent upon the careful removal of certain unsaturated compounds fromthe crude naph-. tha which is ordinarily used as the source ofcoumarone resin, before subjecting saidnaphtha to a polymerizing treatment.

for producing the desired high melting point resin are as;

details of-a suitable process follows:-

Crude naphtha, so-called ,holder; tilled with live and toluene,; is first wash :with 0.1 to 03% by furic acid (95%v weight of su tainedas aFdi'stillate is heated to I10-1 20 about "17 5 After a polymerizing period'o'f -not to substantiall quer coating. Suc

from 4 to fiminutes the olymerizedna hthe is washed twice wit hot water, t en point of the resin which-has been usedin the prosolving The 1 obtained as'aresiduefrom oil when the latter is eam to drive .pfi benzene; given a preliminary strength ,1 neutralized with 10% sodium hydroxide solution-and then distilled. The water-white naphtha ob added in such proportionsthat, may bejmain-'- the twice with a 10% sodium hydroxide solution and finally given two more water washes. The washed product is then distilled to separate the non-polymerized hydrocarbons, the distillation being continued until the temperature reaches 27 5 C. When this stage is reached the mass is poured from the still and allowed to cool. The coumarone resin obtained in this way is perfectly transparent, has a melting point of from 85 to 100 C. or higher, and has both a low iodine value (about 8) and a low saponification value (about 3.5) indicating a high alkali resistancy.

A high grade resin-having a melting point above 85 C. may be obtained even if the preliminary treatment with sulfuric acid is omitted, provided the other directions for carrying out the process are carefully followed. In this case, however, and also when other naphthas than holder oil naphtha are used as the starting material, the iodine values and saponification values of the resulting resins are higher, the former ranging from 7.5 to 25, and the latter from 3.5 to 6. When the preliminary sulfuric acid treatment is employed, position of the better grade naphthas will usually result in variation in iodine value from 7.5 to 13.5.

In preparing a lacquer from the above described resins and China wood oil, I have found that thesesubstances may be dissolved in the benzenoid hydrocarbons to produce the finished 'lacq'uerwithout'it being necessary to heat the mixture. It has heretofore been proposed to make a varnish base by disordinary coumarone resin in hina wood oil which has been heated to a temperature of 220240 (l, and another heatingwas found necessary resin-China wood 0 in suitable solvents.

My new lacquers may after this coumarone When thelacquer work, that is where the. metal to be lacquered is still wet from a cleaning operation when the la uer is ap lied, I have found ltltO be desira-b e to rep ace art of the benzenoid hydrocarbons with water-insoluble alcohols of suitable boiling rainge,' as,'for example, butyl alcohol or fusel oll', the latter-consist; ing mainlyjof amyl alcohol; 'In general such the variation in the comt h v for example theifollowing com im I i mixturewas dissolved is to be used for wet alcohols are suitable as arenot miscible with water, and which volatilize at such a rate as retard drying of the lac-, alcohols as butyl alcohol oil, but includes and those containedin fusel oil may be referred to generically as monohydric alcohols containing from four to six carbon atoms.

Typical lacquers for Wet work may have the following compositions Coumarone resin 20% 15% (Jhina wood oil -i 4% 4% Benzenoid hydrocarbons 66% 71% Refined fusel oil; 10% 10% Because of the favorable action of China wood oil in accelerating the drying of the lacquer film it other vegetable oil in conjunction with the Qhina wood oil without retarding the drying of the film beyond the prescribed limits. In preparing a lacquer from vegetable dr oils such as linseed oil, in addition to China wood oil, I use them in such proportions that the total oil content will be from 10 to 50%, and preferably 20%, -of'the total resin content of the lacquer.' J

Suitable lacquers containing both China Wood oil and another vegetable oil may be illustrated by the following formulae:

C'oumarone resin; 20% 20% China. wood oil 2% 2% Soya bean oil 2% Raw or boiled linseed oil 2% enzene 20% Toluene 66% 36% Xylene 20% Butyl alcohol 10% Another example of a suitable lacquer is one containing about parts of coumarone resin, abouteparts of a softener compris-- China wood oil and linseed oil and 76' parts of a mixture of benzenoid hydrocarbone and alcohol. In preparing the new lacquers the ingredients may be mixed in any desired order. It. is preferable to add the solvents to' the dis-.

solvin vessel before adding the gum to prevent t e latter. from sticking to the sides of the vessel. After solution has been accomplished the liquid is filtered to remove sand,- or other insolublev substances that may be present; the solution is then ready for use. 1

It isto be understood that my invention is not limited to the combination of a hydrocarbonoil or other volatile solvent with a mixture of coumar'one resin and China wood the mixture of coumarone resin and China wood oil having the characteristics and proportions set forth above and defined in the appended claims. A coating *4 com 'osition composed of coumarone resin an China wood oil in the proportions hereinbefore described, and from which the solvent has. vaporated, comes within the scope of my invention.

was found possible to use anof a benzenoid point above 85 to parts of 85 C. and less than parts of China wood oil, both in solution in a benzenoid hydrocarbon.

3. -A lacquer comprising 100 parts of coumarone resin having a melting point above 85- C. and less than 50 parts of China wood oil, both in solution in a mixture of benzene and xylene.

4. A lacquer comprising. 100 parts of coumarone resin having a melting oint above 85 C. and less than 50 parts of ghina wood oil, both in solution in a mixture of a benzenoid hydrocarbon and a volatile alcohol immiscible with water.

5. A lacquer comprising 100 parts of coumarone resin having a melting point above 85 C. and less than 50 parts of China wood oil, both. in solution in a mixture of a benzenoid hydrocarbon and refined fusel "oil.

'6. A lacquer comprising coumarone resin and China wood oil in solution are mixture of a volatile, water-insoluble alcohol and another volatile organic solvent.

7. A lacquer comprising coumarone resin and China of a volatile hydrocarbon and a monohydric atoms.

8. A lacquer comprising coumarone resin and China wood oil in solution in a mixture hydrocarbon and anamyl alcoholi I 9. A lacquer comprising a coumarone resin having a melting point above 85 (1, an iodine value of from about 7.5 to 13.5, a saponification value. of from 3.51to 6, a volatile solvent and suflicientJChina Wood oil to soften and toughen the resin after the solvent has evaporated.

' 10. ,A coating composition comprising .100 resin havinga melting parts of coumarone C. and from about parts of China wood oil.

wood oil in solution in a mixture 11. A coating composition comprising 100 partsiof coumarone resinand from about 20 China wood oil.

12. A coating composition 7 comprising China wood oil and a coumarone resin having a melting point above 85 value of from 7.5 to 25, and tion value of from 3.5 to 6.

13.'A coating composition comprising a saponi'fica from about 10 to 50 parts of China wood oil' and 100 parts of a coumarone resin having a melting point above 85 (1, an iodine value of from 7.5 to 25, and a saponification value of from 3.5 to 6.

(3., an iodine teller-comprising parts of a mixture of benzenoid hydrocarof Ia volatile, water-m bon, the total oil content amounting to from solvent comprising a lions and '10- arts.

I of coumarone resin, about ing oil about 10 to 50% by weight of the resin.

16. A lacquer com rising coumarone resin, China Wood oil an another vegetable dryin solution in a mixture of benzene total oil content amounting and xylene, the

by weight of the to from about 10 to 50% resin.

17 A lacquer comprising coumarone resin, China wood oil and another vegetable drying oil in solution in a mixture of benzene, xylene and amyl alcohol, the total oil content amounting to from about 10 to 50% by Weight of the resin.

18. Alacquer comprising coumarone resin having a melting point above 85 0., China wood oil and another vegetable drying oil in solution in a volatile organic solvent, the total oil content amounting to from about 10 to 50% by weight of the resin.

.19. A lacquer comprising about 20 parts of coumarone resin, about 4 parts of a softener comprising China wood 011, and 76 parts of a volatile organic solvent.

20. A lacquer comprising about 20 parts of coumarone resin, about 1 parts of a softener comprising China wood oil and linseed oil, and 76 parts of a volatile organic solvent.

21. A lacquer comprising about 20 parts of coumarone resin, about 1 parts of a softener comprisin China wood oil, and 76 parts ofa volatile organic solvent compris- -'-ing. a

benzenoid hydrocarbon.

22. A lacquer comprising about 20 parts of coumarone resin, about 4 parts of a softener comprising China wood oil and linseed oil, and 76 parts of a volatile organic ben'ezenoid hydrocar;

bon.

23. A lacquer comprising about 2'0.-p arts of coumarone resin, about 4 parts. of a sof- China Wood-oil, about '66 soluble alcoho 24. A lacquer tener comprising. China w comprisingabout 20 parts.

4 parts :of asof- I ood" oil andlin- 7 seed oiland 76parts ;offa-z.mixture ofYb'e'n-. fin amyl alcohol.

from about 10 to 50 parts of a softener comprising China Wood oil and another vegetable drying oil, and 100 parts of a coumarone resin having a melting point above 29. A coating composition comprising from about 10 to 50 parts of a softener comprising China wood oil and linseed oil, and 100 parts of coumarone resin.

China wood oil and another vege-' 30. A coating composition comprising from about 10 to 50 parts of a softener comprising China wood oil and linseed oil, and 100 parts of a coumarone resin having a meltlng' point above C.

31. coating composition comprising about 20 parts of a softener comprising China wood oil and another vegetable dry- I ing oil, and 100 parts of coumarone resin.

32. A coating composition comprising about 20 parts of a softener comprising about equal parts of China wood oil and another vegetable oil, and 100 parts of a coumarone resin having a melting point above 85 C.

33. A coating composition comprisin arts of a coumarone resin having a me ting point above 85 C. and from about 20 to 25 parts of a softener therefor.

34. A coating composition comprising a coumarone resm having a melting point" above 85 C., an iodine value-of from 7.5 to 25, and a saponification value-of from 3.5 to 6, and a-softenerfor said resin.

35. A" coating composition .comprising a coumarone resin having a melting point above 85 (3., an iodine value of from about 7.5 to 13.5, and a saponification value of from 3.5 to 6, anda softener for said resin.

36.. A coating composltion comprising Chinawood oil and a coumarone resin havmelting point above 85 G., an iodine value of about 8, and a saponification value of about 3.5. f In testimony whereof-I afiix my signature.

1 *JOHANNES M. KESSLER. 

